Nigute amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi ahindura imiterere ya societe？

Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba yiyemeje kongera ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kwiyongera 23% muri 2025 mu gihe ingufu ziyongera.Ikoranabuhanga rya geospatial ryihuza imibare, imiterere yikibanza, amakuru y’ikirere yitegereza isi hamwe n’ikitegererezo cy’ikirere birashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora isesengura rishingiye ku ngamba kugira ngo dusobanukirwe n’ubushobozi n’iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gushyiraho uburyo bwa mbere bw’imiterere y’ahantu ho mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya hagamijwe guteza imbere amasoko menshi y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nkizuba, umuyaga n’amashanyarazi, bikagabanywa mu bice by’imiturire n’ubuhinzi.Agashya k’ubu bushakashatsi gashingiye ku iterambere ry’icyitegererezo gishya cy’iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu guhuza isesengura ry’akarere ndetse no gusuzuma ingufu zishobora kuba.Uturere dufite ingufu nyinshi ziteganijwe kuri izi ngufu eshatu ziherereye cyane cyane mumajyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya yepfo.Uturere twegereye ekwateri, usibye uturere two mu majyepfo, dufite ubushobozi buke ugereranije n’ibihugu byo mu majyaruguru.Kubaka amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) ni bwo bwoko bw’ingufu zasuzumwe cyane, bisaba ha 143.901.600 (61,71%), hagakurikiraho ingufu z'umuyaga (ha 39,618.300, 16,98%), amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe na 37,302.500 ha, 16 ku ijana).), amashanyarazi (ha 7,665,200 ha, 3,28%), amashanyarazi hamwe nizuba (ha 3,792.500, 1,62%), amashanyarazi hamwe n umuyaga (ha 582.700, 0,25%).Ubu bushakashatsi ni igihe kandi ni ngombwa kuko buzaba ishingiro rya politiki n'ingamba zo mu karere zo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, hitawe ku bintu bitandukanye biboneka muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba.
Mu rwego rw’iterambere rirambye ry’intego 7, ibihugu byinshi byemeye kongera no gukwirakwiza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ariko muri 20201, ingufu zishobora kongera 11% gusa by’ingufu zitangwa ku isi2.Hamwe n’ingufu zikenewe ku isi ziteganijwe kwiyongera 50% hagati ya 2018 na 2050, ingamba zo kongera ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu z’ejo hazaza ni ngombwa kuruta mbere hose.Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwubukungu n’abaturage mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya mu myaka mike ishize byatumye ingufu zikenerwa cyane.Kubwamahirwe, ibicanwa biva mu kirere bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’ingufu zitangwa mu karere3.Ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya byiyemeje kongera ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kwiyongera ku kigero cya 23% mu 20254. Iki gihugu cyo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo gifite izuba ryinshi umwaka wose, ibirwa n’imisozi myinshi, ndetse n’ubushobozi bukomeye bw’ingufu zishobora kubaho.Nyamara, ikibazo nyamukuru mu iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ni ugushaka uturere dukwiriye guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bikenewe mu gutanga amashanyarazi arambye5.Byongeye kandi, kwemeza ko ibiciro by’amashanyarazi mu turere dutandukanye byujuje urwego rukwiye rw’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bisaba kumenya neza amabwiriza, guhuza politiki n’ubuyobozi bihamye, igenamigambi ryitondewe, n’imipaka y’ubutaka isobanuwe neza.Ingamba z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zatejwe imbere mu karere mu myaka ya vuba aha zirimo izuba, umuyaga n’amashanyarazi.Aya masoko afite amasezerano akomeye yiterambere rinini kugirango intego z’akarere zongererwe ingufu4 kandi zitange ingufu mu turere tutarabona amashanyarazi6.Bitewe n’ubushobozi n’imbogamizi z’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo birambye mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, hakenewe ingamba zo kumenya ahantu heza ho guteza imbere ingufu zirambye mu karere, ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gutanga umusanzu.
Kwumva kure hamwe no gusesengura umwanya bikoreshwa cyane mugushigikira gufata ibyemezo muguhitamo ahantu heza h’ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu 7,8,9.Kurugero, kugirango umenye ahantu heza h'izuba, Lopez et.10 yakoresheje ibikoresho bya MODIS bya kure byifashishwa mu kwigana imirasire y'izuba.Letu et al.11 igereranya imirasire yizuba yizuba, ibicu na aerosole kuva Himawari-8 gupima.Byongeye kandi, Principe na Takeuchi12 basuzumye ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV) mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika hashingiwe ku mpamvu z'iteganyagihe.Nyuma yo gukoresha ibyuma bya kure kugirango umenye ahantu hashobora kubaho izuba, agace gafite agaciro keza cyane ko kubaka ibikorwa remezo byizuba birashobora gutoranywa.Byongeye kandi, isesengura ryahantu ryakozwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwinshi bujyanye n’ahantu sisitemu ya PV izuba 13,14,15.Ku murima w’umuyaga, Blankenhorn na Resch16 bagereranije aho ingufu z’umuyaga zishobora kuba mu Budage hashingiwe ku bipimo nk’umuvuduko w’umuyaga, igifuniko cy’ibimera, ahahanamye, n’ahantu harinzwe.Sah na Wijayatunga17 bagaragaje ahantu hashobora kuba muri Bali, Indoneziya muguhuza umuvuduko wa MODIS.