Imirasire y'izuba: Birakwiye?(Gicurasi 2023)

Reba iki gitabo kugirango umenye uburyo ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba zishobora kuzuza imirasire y'izuba, kimwe no kumenya ikiguzi, ubwoko bwa bateri n'ibindi.
Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kuzigama ibihumbi by'amadolari y'inguzanyo mu buzima bwayo, ariko panne yawe izatanga amashanyarazi kumunsi.Imirasire y'izuba ikuraho iyi mbogamizi mugutanga sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ushobora kwishingikiriza kuminsi yibicu nijoro.
Imirasire y'izuba itari grid nigishoro kinini, ariko paki ya batiri irashobora kunoza imikorere.Muri iki kiganiro, twe mu itsinda rya Guides Home turasobanura ibintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye imirasire yizuba, harimo ubwoko butandukanye nuburyo bukora, igiciro, nuburyo bwo guhitamo bateri ya sisitemu yizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ni igikoresho kibika umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa shimi, kandi urashobora gukoresha izo mbaraga igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, nubwo imirasire y'izuba idatanga amashanyarazi.Nubwo bikunze kwitwa selile yizuba ifatanije nizuba, sisitemu ya batiri yinyuma irashobora kubika amafaranga aho ariho hose.Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gukoresha gride kugirango wishyure bateri mugihe imirasire yizuba idakora, cyangwa urashobora gukoresha izindi mbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa nka turbine yumuyaga.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa chimisties ya bateri, buriwese ufite ibyiza byayo kandi bigarukira.Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa bateri burakwiriye mubisabwa bikeneye gutanga imbaraga nyinshi mugihe gito, mugihe ubundi bikwiranye nibisabwa bisaba ingufu zamashanyarazi zihamye mugihe kirekire.Imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa mungirangingo zuba zirimo aside aside, lithium ion, nikel cadmium, na redox fluxes.
Iyo ugereranije imirasire y'izuba, byombi byashyizwe ahagaragara ingufu (kilowatt cyangwa kilowati) hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu (amasaha kilowatt cyangwa kilowati).Igipimo cyingufu kirakubwira umutwaro wose wamashanyarazi ushobora guhuzwa na bateri, mugihe ubushobozi bwo kubika bukubwira imbaraga bateri ishobora gufata.Kurugero, niba ingirabuzimafatizo yizuba ifite ingufu za nomero 5 kW hamwe nububiko bwa 10 kWh, dushobora gutekereza ko:
Twabibutsa ko imirasire yizuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika batiri bitagenewe ingufu zimwe.Kurugero, urashobora kugira sisitemu yizuba ya 10 kW murugo hamwe na bateri ya 5 kWt na 12 kWh.
Ukurikije ubunini hamwe n’ibindi bintu nkaho uherereye, urashobora kwishyura hagati y’amadolari 25.000 na 35.000 by’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba na bateri, nk'uko bitangazwa n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ingufu muri Amerika.Akenshi bihendutse (kandi byoroshye) gushiraho imirasire yizuba hamwe na bateri icyarimwe - niba uhisemo kugura ububiko nyuma yizuba rimaze gushyirwaho, bateri yonyine irashobora kugutwara hagati y $ 12,000 na $ 22,000.
Kubijyanye nimikorere, bateri ya lithium-ion ifatwa nkicyiza cyiza mubisabwa murugo bisaba kwishyurwa buri munsi no gusohora.
Kubera itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ryemejwe muri Kanama 2022, imirasire y'izuba yemerewe inguzanyo ya 30% ya leta.Ngiyo inguzanyo yimisoro ya reta ushobora kubona kumwaka waguze izuba ryizuba.Kurugero, niba waguze ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka $ 10,000, urashobora gusaba kugabanyirizwa imisoro 3000 $.Mugihe ushobora gusaba inguzanyo inshuro imwe gusa, niba ugomba kwishyura imisoro mike ugereranije ninguzanyo yawe, urashobora kuyizenguruka mumwaka utaha.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibintu nyamukuru biranga imirasire y'izuba ine isanzwe, kimwe nigiciro cya buri kimwe mubisabwa gutura.
Laboratwari y'igihugu ishinzwe kongera ingufu (NREL) isohora raporo zigihe gikubiyemo amakuru aheruka kugiciro cya sisitemu yizuba na batiri mumishinga yo guturamo, iy'ubucuruzi na gride.Laboratoire ya Pasifika y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba (PNNL) ikora ububiko busa bukubiyemo tekinoroji ya batiri nyinshi muri megawatt (zirenga 1000 kW).
Imirasire y'izuba yose ifite imikorere yibanze, ariko buri bwoko burakwiriye mubikorwa bitandukanye.Iyo chimie ya selile yizuba ikwiranye na progaramu yihariye, izuba ryizuba rizatanga kwizerwa cyane no kugaruka kubushoramari.
Kurugero, abakoresha amashanyarazi bamwe bishyura ibiciro hejuru kuri kilowatt-isaha mugihe runaka cyumunsi cyangwa bagasaba amafaranga yinyongera kumpanuka itunguranye yo gukoresha amashanyarazi.Muri iki kibazo, ukeneye bateri ishobora gutanga imbaraga nyinshi mugihe gito.Batteri ya Litiyumu-ion irakwiriye iki gikorwa, ariko bateri ya redox ntabwo.
Utitaye ku bwoko bwa bateri, ugomba kandi gutekereza ku burebure bwo gusohora (DoD), bwerekana ubushobozi bukoreshwa bwa bateri.Niba DoD irenze, ubuzima bwa bateri buzagabanuka cyane kandi ibi bishobora no kuviramo kwangirika burundu.Kurugero, biremewe ko selile yizuba ifite 80% DoD ikoresha 70% yingufu zabitswe, ariko ntabwo ari selile w